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Supports research centers, institutes or large group efforts in any area of physics where the projects significantly advance the frontiers of physics and are best addressed by the collective efforts of a large group.

Supports theoretical and experimental research that explores the fundamental physical processes used by living systems, with a focus on basic physical principles that underlie biological function.

Supports research across all domains of theoretical high-energy physics, including collider physics, Standard-Model physics, and physics beyond the Standard Model, including supersymmetry, extra dimensions, string phenomenology and string theory.

Supports research that harnesses fundamental quantum properties to explore new scientific frontiers and develop new technologies at the interface of traditional scientific disciplines.

Supports experimental research on the fundamental quantitative understanding of atoms and molecules, their interactions with each other and their interaction with light, and the application of AMO methods to fundamental science in some other areas of physics.

Supports interdisciplinary physics research; research experiences for undergraduates in physics; programs to broaden the participation of underrepresented groups in physics; and education and training of undergraduate and graduate physics students.

Supports research on the fundamental nature of matter, energy, space and time in the following areas: cosmic phenomena, underground physics and IceCube research support.

Supports research in theoretical cosmology, including standard Big-Bang cosmology and alternative cosmologies motivated by new ideas in particle physics. Also supports theoretical particle astrophysics, which tests ideas for physics beyond the Standard Model.

This initiative supports fundamentally new approaches in molecular sciences to drive new directions in biotechnology, a critical and emerging technology of the 21st century. This is the third year of a campaign targeting broad themes to be pursued through collaborative...

Supports laboratory research that explores the fundamental building blocks of matter and their forces by probing, directly or indirectly, particle interactions.

Supports research and infrastructure activities in classical and quantum gravity theory.

Supports experimental research at the frontiers of nuclear physics in the following areas: nuclear astrophysics, structure and reactions; nuclear and hadron quantum chromodynamics; precision measurements of fundamental symmetries and constants.

Supports instrumentation development at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, including instrument science, detector characterization, and the development of technologies for future generations of gravitational-wave detectors.