A hummingbird in flight feeding on a vibrant red flower's nectar

Biology

Understanding life in all its forms and sustaining the Earth's ecosystems as they face unprecedented global challenges.

We advance research and discovery in biology — from molecules to the global biosphere, from cells to human communities, across time and space.

Whether it’s studying how wildlife diversity affects human health or how memory is encoded in the brain, NSF research helps the world understand the rules that govern life and sustain the complex web of living things.

What we support

Deciphering the molecular underpinnings of life

We support research that uncovers the fundamental and emergent properties of living systems, from atoms and molecules to cells.

Visit the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences

Understanding the structure and function of organisms

We support research aimed at understanding organisms as units of biological organization.

Visit the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems

Exploring the ecology and evolution of living things

We support evolutionary and ecological research on species, populations, communities and ecosystems.

Visit the Division of Environmental Biology

Investing in research infrastructure

We support the development and enhancement of biological research infrastructure, including human capital, technologies, and institutes and centers.

Visit the Division of Biological Infrastructure

Expanding the frontiers of 21st century biology

We support multi- and interdisciplinary research and networking activities that arise from advances in disciplinary research.

Visit the Emerging Frontiers Division

Addressing societal challenges

We invest in numerous NSF-wide research themes that are designed to address societal challenges, which can be explored in the special topics section of this page.

Educational resources